Thursday, June 11, 2026
No menu items!
HomeNatureSIRT7 regulates dosage compensation and safeguards the female X chromosome

SIRT7 regulates dosage compensation and safeguards the female X chromosome

  • Vaquero, A. The conserved role of sirtuins in chromatin regulation. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 53, 303–322 (2009).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Giblin, W., Skinner, M. E. & Lombard, D. B. Sirtuins: guardians of mammalian healthspan. Trends Genet. 30, 271–286 (2014).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kim, H.-S. et al. SIRT3 is a mitochondria-localized tumor suppressor required for maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and metabolism during stress. Cancer Cell 17, 41–52 (2010).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kim, H.-S. et al. SIRT2 maintains genome integrity and suppresses tumorigenesis through regulating APC/C activity. Cancer Cell 20, 487–499 (2011).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kanfi, Y. et al. The sirtuin SIRT6 regulates lifespan in male mice. Nature 483, 218–221 (2012).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Peshti, V. et al. Characterization of physiological defects in adult SIRT6−/− mice. PLoS ONE 12, e0176371 (2017).

    Article 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • de Arellano, M. L. B. et al. Sex differences in the aging human heart: decreased sirtuins, pro-inflammatory shift and reduced anti-oxidative defense. Aging 11, 1918–1933 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lyon, M. F. Gene action in the X-chromosome of the mouse (Mus musculus L.). Nature 190, 372–373 (1961).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lessing, D., Anguera, M. C. & Lee, J. T. X chromosome inactivation and epigenetic responses to cellular reprogramming. Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet. 14, 85–110 (2012).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wei, C., Kesner, B., Yin, H. & Lee, J. T. Imprinted X chromosome inactivation at the gamete-to-embryo transition. Mol. Cell 84, 1442–1459.e7 (2024).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bosch-Presegue, L. & Vaquero, A. Sirtuins in stress response: guardians of the genome. Oncogene 33, 3764–3775 (2014).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Martínez-Redondo, P. & Vaquero, A. The diversity of histone versus nonhistone sirtuin substrates. Genes Cancer 4, 148–163 (2013).

    Article 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bheda, P., Jing, H., Wolberger, C. & Lin, H. The substrate specificity of sirtuins. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 85, 405–429 (2016).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Simonet, N. G. et al. SirT7 auto-ADP-ribosylation regulates glucose starvation response through mH2A1. Sci. Adv. 6, eaaz2590 (2020).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Vazquez, B. N. et al. SIRT 7 promotes genome integrity and modulates non-homologous end joining DNA repair. EMBO J. 35, 1488–1503 (2016).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Vazquez, B. N., Blengini, C. S., Hernandez, Y., Serrano, L. & Schindler, K. SIRT7 promotes chromosome synapsis during prophase I of female meiosis. Chromosoma 128, 369–383 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sun, S. et al. Vascular endothelium-targeted Sirt7 gene therapy rejuvenates blood vessels and extends life span in a Hutchinson-Gilford progeria model. Sci. Adv. 6, eaay5556 (2020).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ford, E. et al. Mammalian Sir2 homolog SIRT7 is an activator of RNA polymerase I transcription. Genes Dev. 20, 1075–1080 (2006).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Blank, M. F. et al. SIRT7-dependent deacetylation of CDK9 activates RNA polymerase II transcription. Nucleic Acids Res. 45, 2675–2686 (2017).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tsai, Y.-C., Greco, T. M., Boonmee, A., Miteva, Y. & Cristea, I. M. Functional proteomics establishes the interaction of SIRT7 with chromatin remodeling complexes and expands its role in regulation of RNA polymerase I transcription. Mol. Cell. Proteom. 11, 60–76 (2012).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Barber, M. F. et al. SIRT7 links H3K18 deacetylation to maintenance of oncogenic transformation. Nature 487, 114–118 (2012).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wang, W. W. et al. A click chemistry approach reveals the chromatin-dependent histone H3K36 deacylase nature of SIRT7. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 2462–2473 (2019).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Żylicz, J. J. et al. The implication of early chromatin changes in X chromosome inactivation. Cell 176, 182–197 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nguyen, D. K. & Disteche, C. M. Dosage compensation of the active X chromosome in mammals. Nat. Genet. 38, 47–53 (2006).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lin, H. et al. Dosage compensation in the mouse balances up-regulation and silencing of X-linked genes. PLoS Biol. 5, e326 (2007).

    Article 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Larsson, A. J. M., Coucoravas, C., Sandberg, R. & Reinius, B. X-chromosome upregulation is driven by increased burst frequency. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 26, 963–969 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lentini, A. et al. Elastic dosage compensation by X-chromosome upregulation. Nat. Commun. 13, 1854 (2022).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Costanzi, C. & Pehrson, J. R. Histone macroH2A1 is concentrated in the inactive X chromosome of female mammals. Nature 393, 599–601 (1998).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Plath, K. et al. Role of histone H3 lysine 27 methylation in X inactivation. Science 300, 131–135 (2003).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhao, J., Sun, B. K., Erwin, J. A., Song, J.-J. & Lee, J. T. Polycomb proteins targeted by a short repeat RNA to the mouse X chromosome. Science 322, 750–756 (2008).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Paredes, S. et al. The epigenetic regulator SIRT7 guards against mammalian cellular senescence induced by ribosomal DNA instability. J. Biol. Chem. 293, 11242–11250 (2018).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang, L.-F., Huynh, K. D. & Lee, J. T. Perinucleolar targeting of the inactive X during S phase: evidence for a role in the maintenance of silencing. Cell 129, 693–706 (2007).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Vazquez, B. N. et al. SIRT7 and p53 interaction in embryonic development and tumorigenesis. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 11, 1281730 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Vazquez, B. N. et al. SIRT7 mediates L1 elements transcriptional repression and their association with the nuclear lamina. Nucleic Acids Res. 47, 7870–7885 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pinter, S. F. et al. Spreading of X chromosome inactivation via a hierarchy of defined Polycomb stations. Genome Res. 22, 1864–1876 (2012).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Monk, M. & Harper, M. I. Sequential X chromosome inactivation coupled with cellular differentiation in early mouse embryos. Nature 281, 311–313 (1979).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Colognori, D., Sunwoo, H., Wang, D., Wang, C.-Y. & Lee, J. T. Xist repeats A and B account for two distinct phases of X inactivation establishment. Dev. Cell https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.021 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ogawa, Y., Sun, B. K. & Lee, J. T. Intersection of the RNA interference and X-inactivation pathways. Science 320, 1336–1341 (2008).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bauer, M. et al. Chromosome compartments on the inactive X guide TAD formation independently of transcription during X-reactivation. Nat. Commun. 12, 3499 (2021).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Morris, S. A. et al. Identification of histone H3 lysine 36 acetylation as a highly conserved histone modification. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 7632–7640 (2007).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • McLean, C. Y. et al. GREAT improves functional interpretation of cis-regulatory regions. Nat. Biotechnol. 28, 495–501 (2010).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Vakhrusheva, O. et al. Sirt7 increases stress resistance of cardiomyocytes and prevents apoptosis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy in mice. Circ. Res. 102, 703–710 (2008).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ryu, D. et al. A SIRT7-dependent acetylation switch of GABPβ1 controls mitochondrial function. Cell Metab. 20, 856–869 (2014).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fukuda, M. et al. SIRT7 has a critical role in bone formation by regulating lysine acylation of SP7/Osterix. Nat. Commun. 9, 2833 (2018).

    Article 
    ADS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kaneko, S. et al. Phosphorylation of the PRC2 component Ezh2 is cell cycle-regulated and up-regulates its binding to ncRNA. Genes Dev. 24, 2615–2620 (2010).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rao, S. S. P. et al. A 3D map of the human genome at kilobase resolution reveals principles of chromatin looping. Cell 159, 1665–1680 (2014).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Giorgetti, L. et al. Structural organization of the inactive X chromosome in the mouse. Nature 535, 575–579 (2016).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Froberg, J. E., Pinter, S. F., Kriz, A. J., Jégu, T. & Lee, J. T. Megadomains and superloops form dynamically but are dispensable for X-chromosome inactivation and gene escape. Nat. Commun. 9, 5004 (2018).

    Article 
    ADS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wang, C.-Y., Jégu, T., Chu, H.-P., Oh, H. J. & Lee, J. T. SMCHD1 merges chromosome compartments and assists formation of super-structures on the inactive X. Cell 174, 406–421 (2018).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Cheutin, T. & Cavalli, G. Polycomb silencing: from linear chromatin domains to 3D chromosome folding. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 25, 30–37 (2014).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pai, C.-C. et al. A histone H3K36 chromatin switch coordinates DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice. Nat. Commun. 5, 4091 (2014).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kim, H., Jo, H., Seo, H. D., Park, H.-S. & Lee, D. Chd1p recognizes H3K36Ac to maintain nucleosome positioning near the transcription start site. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 503, 1200–1206 (2018).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Deng, X. et al. Bipartite structure of the inactive mouse X chromosome. Genome Biol. 16, 152 (2015).

    Article 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Crane, E. et al. Condensin-driven remodelling of X chromosome topology during dosage compensation. Nature 523, 240–244 (2015).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Serra, F. et al. Automatic analysis and 3D-modelling of Hi-C data using TADbit reveals structural features of the fly chromatin colors. PLoS Comput. Biol. 13, e1005665 (2017).

    Article 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lappala, A. et al. Four-dimensional chromosome reconstruction elucidates the spatiotemporal reorganization of the mammalian X chromosome. Proc Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2107092118 (2021).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Stewart, N. & Bacchetti, S. Expression of SV40 large T antigen, but not small t antigen, is required for the induction of chromosomal aberrations in transformed human cells. Virology 180, 49–57 (1991).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mah, L.-J., El-Osta, A. & Karagiannis, T. C. γH2AX: a sensitive molecular marker of DNA damage and repair. Leukemia 24, 679–686 (2010).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Löbrich, M., Rydberg, B. & Cooper, P. K. Repair of x-ray-induced DNA double-strand breaks in specific Not I restriction fragments in human fibroblasts: joining of correct and incorrect ends. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 12050–12054 (1995).

    Article 
    ADS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Leem, J., Kim, J.-S. & Oh, J. S. Oocytes can repair DNA damage during meiosis via a microtubule-dependent recruitment of CIP2A–MDC1–TOPBP1 complex from spindle pole to chromosomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 51, 4899–4913 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Baudat, F., Imai, Y. & de Massy, B. Meiotic recombination in mammals: localization and regulation. Nat. Rev. Genet. 14, 794–806 (2013).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yuan, L. et al. The murine SCP3 gene is required for synaptonemal complex assembly, chromosome synapsis, and male fertility. Mol. Cell 5, 73–83 (2000).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fukuda, T., Daniel, K., Wojtasz, L., Toth, A. & Höög, C. A novel mammalian HORMA domain-containing protein, HORMAD1, preferentially associates with unsynapsed meiotic chromosomes. Exp. Cell. Res. 316, 158–171 (2010).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mahadevaiah, S. K. et al. Recombinational DNA double-strand breaks in mice precede synapsis. Nat. Genet. 27, 271–276 (2001).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Guitart-Solanes, A. et al. SIRT7 links H3K36ac epigenetic regulation with genome maintenance in the mouse testis. Nat. Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72540-3 (2025).

  • Disteche, C. M. Dosage compensation of the sex chromosomes and autosomes. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 56, 9–18 (2016).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Deng, X. et al. Mammalian X upregulation is associated with enhanced transcription initiation, RNA Half-Life, and MOF-Mediated H4K16 acetylation. Dev. Cell 25, 55–68 (2013).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Deng, X. & Disteche, C. M. Rapid transcriptional bursts upregulate the X chromosome. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 26, 851–853 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Deng, X., Berletch, J. B., Nguyen, D. K. & Disteche, C. M. X chromosome regulation: diverse patterns in development, tissues and disease. Nat. Rev. Genet. 15, 367–378 (2014).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jégu, T., Aeby, E. & Lee, J. T. The X chromosome in space. Nat. Rev. Genet. 18, 377–389 (2017).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Balaton, B. P., Dixon-McDougall, T., Peeters, S. B. & Brown, C. J. The eXceptional nature of the X chromosome. Hum. Mol. Genet. 27, R242–R249 (2018).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fang, H., Deng, X. & Disteche, C. M. X-factors in human disease: impact of gene content and dosage regulation. Hum. Mol. Genet. 30, R285–R295 (2021).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yildirim, E., Sadreyev, R. I., Pinter, S. F. & Lee, J. T. X-chromosome hyperactivation in mammals via nonlinear relationships between chromatin states and transcription. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 19, 56–61 (2011).

    Article 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yuan, W. et al. H3K36 methylation antagonizes PRC2-mediated H3K27 methylation. J. Biol. Chem. 286, 7983–7989 (2011).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Cai, L. et al. An H3K36 methylation-engaging Tudor motif of polycomb-like proteins mediates PRC2 complex targeting. Mol. Cell 49, 571–582 (2013).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yu, J. et al. Regulation of serine-threonine kinase Akt activation by NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT7. Cell Rep. 18, 1229–1240 (2017).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yoshida, M., Horinouchi, S. & Beppu, T. Trichostatin A and trapoxin: novel chemical probes for the role of histone acetylation in chromatin structure and function. BioEssays 17, 423–430 (1995).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ekwall, K., Olsson, T., Turner, B. M., Cranston, G. & Allshire, R. C. Transient inhibition of histone deacetylation alters the structural and functional imprint at fission yeast centromeres. Cell 91, 1021–1032 (1997).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Cimini, D., Mattiuzzo, M., Torosantucci, L. & Degrassi, F. Histone hyperacetylation in mitosis prevents sister chromatid separation and produces chromosome segregation defects. Mol. Biol. Cell 14, 3821–3833 (2003).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mulla, W. A. et al. Aneuploidy as a cause of impaired chromatin silencing and mating-type specification in budding yeast. eLife 6, e27991 (2017).

    Article 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Stalpers, L. J. A. & Kaplan, E. L. Edward L. Kaplan and the Kaplan–Meier survival curve. BSHM Bull. J. Br. Soc. Hist. Math. 33, 109–135 (2018).

    Article 
    MathSciNet 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Minajigi, A. et al. A comprehensive Xist interactome reveals cohesin repulsion and an RNA-directed chromosome conformation. Science 349, aab2276 (2015).

    Article 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Durand, N. C. et al. Juicer provides a one-click system for analyzing loop-resolution Hi-C experiments. Cell Syst. 3, 95–98 (2016).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Plimpton, S. Fast parallel algorithms for short-range molecular dynamics. J. Comput. Phys. 117, 1–19 (1995).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liebe, B., Alsheimer, M., Höög, C., Benavente, R. & Scherthan, H. Telomere attachment, meiotic chromosome condensation, pairing, and bouquet stage duration are modified in spermatocytes lacking axial elements. Mol. Biol. Cell 15, 827–837 (2004).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hamada, N. et al. Germ cell-intrinsic effects of sex chromosomes on early oocyte differentiation in mice. PLoS Genet. 16, e1008676 (2020).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rosario, B. C. D. et al. Genetic intersection of Tsix and Hedgehog signaling during the initiation of X-chromosome inactivation. Dev. Cell 43, 359–371 (2017).

    Article 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tarasov, A., Vilella, A. J., Cuppen, E., Nijman, I. J. & Prins, P. Sambamba: fast processing of NGS alignment formats. Bioinformatics 31, 2032–2034 (2015).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Simon, M. D. et al. High-resolution Xist binding maps reveal two-step spreading during X-chromosome inactivation. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12719 (2013).

  • Liao, Y., Smyth, G. K. & Shi, W. featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features. Bioinformatics 30, 923–930 (2014).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Robinson, M. D. & Oshlack, A. A scaling normalization method for differential expression analysis of RNA-seq data. Genome Biol. 11, R25 (2010).

    Article 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wingett, S. W. & Andrews, S. FastQ Screen: a tool for multi-genome mapping and quality control. F1000Res. 7, 1338 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bolger, A. M., Lohse, M. & Usadel, B. Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics 30, 2114–2120 (2014).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Langmead, B. & Salzberg, S. L. Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2. Nat. Methods 9, 357–359 (2012).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dignam, J. D., Lebovitz, R. M. & Roeder, R. G. Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from isolated mammalian nuclei. Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 1475–1489 (1983).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed Central 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Simonet, N. G. Code for ‘SIRT7 regulates dosage compensation and safeguards the female X-chromosome’. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19464181 (2026).

  • RELATED ARTICLES

    Most Popular

    Recent Comments