Khorasaninejad, M. et al. Metalenses at visible wavelengths: diffraction-limited focusing and subwavelength resolution imaging. Science 352, 1190–1194 (2016).
Kim, J. et al. Scalable manufacturing of high-index atomic layer–polymer hybrid metasurfaces for metaphotonics in the visible. Nat. Mater. 22, 474–481 (2023).
Choi, M. et al. Roll-to-plate printable RGB achromatic metalens for wide-field-of-view holographic near-eye displays. Nat. Mater. 24, 535–543 (2025).
Moon, S., Kim, S., Kim, J., Lee, C.-K. & Rho, J. Single-layer waveguide displays using achromatic metagratings for full-colour augmented reality. Nat. Nanotechnol. 20, 747–754 (2025).
Barulin, A. et al. Dual-wavelength metalens enables Epi-fluorescence detection from single molecules. Nat. Commun. 15, 26 (2024).
Kim, J. et al. Dynamic hyperspectral holography enabled by inverse-designed metasurfaces with oblique helicoidal cholesterics. Adv. Mater. 36, 2311785 (2024).
Kim, J. et al. Photonic encryption platform via dual-band vectorial metaholograms in the ultraviolet and visible. ACS Nano 16, 3546–3553 (2022).
Kildishev, A. V., Boltasseva, A. & Shalaev, V. M. Planar photonics with metasurfaces. Science 339, 1232009 (2013).
Badloe, T. et al. Liquid crystal-powered Mie resonators for electrically tunable photorealistic color gradients and dark blacks. Light Sci. Appl. 11, 118 (2022).
Park, Y. et al. Tape-assisted residual layer-free one-step nanoimprinting of high-index hybrid polymer for optical loss-suppressed metasurfaces. Adv. Sci. 12, 2409371 (2025).
Conteduca, D. et al. Dielectric nanohole array metasurface for high-resolution near-field sensing and imaging. Nat. Commun. 12, 3293 (2021).
Barulin, A. et al. Axially multifocal metalens for 3D volumetric photoacoustic imaging of neuromelanin in live brain organoid. Sci. Adv. 11, eadr0654 (2025).
Jo, Y. et al. Image scanning microscopy based on multifocal metalens for sub-diffraction-limited imaging of brain organoids. Light Sci. Appl. 14, 367 (2025).
Javed, I. et al. MetaScope: metasurface based multimodal imaging system. Adv. Funct. Mater. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202524783 (2026).
Jo, Y. et al. Metalens for passive generation of a droplet Bessel beam. Microsyst. Nanoeng. 11, 224 (2025).
Kim, S., Kim, J., Kim, K., Jeong, M. & Rho, J. Anti-aliased metasurfaces beyond the Nyquist limit. Nat. Commun. 16, 411 (2025).
Liang, H. et al. Ultrahigh numerical aperture metalens at visible wavelengths. Nano Lett. 18, 4460–4466 (2018).
Lin, R. J. et al. Achromatic metalens array for full-colour light-field imaging. Nat. Nanotechnol. 14, 227–231 (2019).
Wang, S. et al. A broadband achromatic metalens in the visible. Nat. Nanotechnol. 13, 227–232 (2018).
Chen, W. T. et al. A broadband achromatic metalens for focusing and imaging in the visible. Nat. Nanotechnol. 13, 220–226 (2018).
Berto, P. et al. Tunable and free-form planar optics. Nat. Photon. 13, 649–656 (2019).
Zhou, Y., Zheng, H., Kravchenko, I. I. & Valentine, J. Flat optics for image differentiation. Nat. Photon. 14, 316–323 (2020).
Zhai, Y. et al. Scalable-manufactured randomized glass-polymer hybrid metamaterial for daytime radiative cooling. Science 355, 1062–1066 (2017).
Vynck, K. et al. The visual appearances of disordered optical metasurfaces. Nat. Mater. 21, 1035–1041 (2022).
Kim, J. et al. Large-area floating display with wafer-scale manufactured metalens Arrays. Laser Photonics Rev. 19, 2401425 (2025).
Moon, S.-W. et al. Wafer-scale manufacturing of near-infrared metalenses. Laser Photonics Rev. 18, 2300929 (2024).
Park, J.-S. et al. All-glass, large metalens at visible wavelength using deep-ultraviolet projection lithography. Nano Lett. 19, 8673–8682 (2019).
Oh, D. K., Kang, H., Kang, D., Kim, J. & Rho, J. Nanoprinting metasurfaces with engineered optical materials. Nat. Rev. Mater. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-025-00874-3 (2026).
Yoon, G., Kim, K., Huh, D., Lee, H. & Rho, J. Single-step manufacturing of hierarchical dielectric metalens in the visible. Nat. Commun. 11, 2268 (2020).
Yoon, G. et al. Printable nanocomposite metalens for high-contrast near-infrared imaging. ACS Nano 15, 698–706 (2021).
Kim, J. et al. One-step printable platform for high-efficiency metasurfaces down to the deep-ultraviolet region. Light: Sci. Appl. 12, 68 (2023).
Kim, J. et al. Metasurface holography reaching the highest efficiency limit in the visible via one-step nanoparticle-embedded-resin printing. Laser Photonics Rev. 16, 2200098 (2022).
Jung, D. E. et al. Full wafer scale manufacturing of directly printed TiO2 metalenses at visible wavelengths with outstanding focusing efficiencies. Adv. Mater. 37, 2500327 (2025).
Kim, J. et al. Amorphous to crystalline transition in nanoimprinted sol–gel titanium oxide metasurfaces. Adv. Mater. 36, 2405378 (2024).
Kim, J. et al. A water-soluble label for food products prevents packaging waste and counterfeiting. Nat. Food 5, 293–300 (2024).
Kim, J. et al. 8″ Wafer-scale, centimeter-sized, high-efficiency metalenses in the ultraviolet. Mater. Today 73, 9–15 (2024).
Lin, K.-T. et al. Highly efficient flexible structured metasurface by roll-to-roll printing for diurnal radiative cooling. eLight 3, 22 (2023).
Ahn, S. H. & Guo, L. J. Large-area roll-to-roll and roll-to-plate nanoimprint lithography: a step toward high-throughput application of continuous nanoimprinting. ACS Nano 3, 2304–2310 (2009).
Ahn, S. H. & Guo, L. J. High-speed roll-to-roll nanoimprint lithography on flexible plastic substrates. Adv. Mater. 20, 2044–2049 (2008).
Peng, Z. et al. Continuous roller nanoimprinting: next generation lithography. Nanoscale 15, 11403–11421 (2023).
Huang, T.-C., Wu, J.-T., Yang, S.-Y., Huang, P.-H. & Chang, S.-H. Direct fabrication of microstructures on metal roller using stepped rotating lithography and electroless nickel plating. Microelectron. Eng. 86, 615–618 (2009).
Hwang, E.-S. et al. Micro pattern roll mold for large area display by electroforming and wrapping method. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 48, 050211 (2009).
Maize, K., Mi, Y., Cakmak, M. & Shakouri, A. Real-time metrology for roll-to-roll and advanced inline manufacturing: a review. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8, 2200173 (2023).
Poodt, P. et al. Spatial atomic layer deposition: a route towards further industrialization of atomic layer deposition. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 30, 010802 (2011).
Dickey, E. & Barrow, W. A. High rate roll to roll atomic layer deposition, and its application to moisture barriers on polymer films. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 30, 021502 (2012).
Chao, C.-H. et al. Roll-to-roll atomic layer deposition of titania coating on polymeric separators for lithium ion batteries. J. Power Sources 482, 228896 (2021).
