Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Tauras P. Vilgalys, Mari Shiratori, Maria I. Patino, Anne Dumaine & Luis B. Barreiro
McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Departments of Anthropology, Biology and Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Jennifer Klunk, Katherine Eaton, G. Brian Golding & Hendrik N. Poinar
Daicel Arbor Biosciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Jennifer Klunk, Alison Devault & Jean-Marie Rouillard
Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, Microbiology Department, Paris, France
Christian E. Demeure, Julien Madej, Rémi Beau & Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Xiaoheng Cheng & Matthias Steinrücken
Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Lemont, IL, USA
Derek Elli & Dominique Missiakas
Centre for Human Bioarchaeology, Museum of London, London, UK
Rebecca Redfern
Department of Anthropology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
Sharon N. DeWitte
Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Julia A. Gamble
Unit of Anthropology (ADBOU), Department of Forensic Medicine University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Jesper L. Boldsen
History Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Ann Carmichael
Department of History, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
Nükhet Varlik
Montreal Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Jean-Christophe Grenier
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Jean-Marie Rouillard
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Vania Yotova & Renata Sindeaux
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Chun Jimmie Ye & Matin Bikaran
Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Chun Jimmie Ye & Matin Bikaran
Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
Jessica F. Brinkworth
Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
Jessica F. Brinkworth
Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Guy A. Rouleau
Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Matthias Steinrücken
Michael G. DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Hendrik N. Poinar
Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Hendrik N. Poinar
Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Luis B. Barreiro
Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Luis B. Barreiro
L.B.B., T.P.V. and H.N.P. directed this study. T.P.V. completed all analyses except for the estimation of selection coefficients, which was performed by X.C. and M. Steinrücken. T.P.V., H.N.P. and L.B.B. wrote the paper, with input from all authors (including J.K., C.E.D., M. Shiratori, J.M., R.B., D.E., M.I.P., R.R., S.N.D., J.A.G., J.L.B., A.C., N.V., K.E., J.-C.G., G.B.G., A.D., J.-M.R., V.Y., R.S., C.J.Y., M.B., A.D., J.F.B., D.M., G.A.R. and J.P.-C.). Contributions of all authors to the original publication can be found in ref. 2.
