Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Hung-Hsin Chen, Chien-Hsiun Chen, Ling-Hui Li, Che-Yu Chou, Erh-Chan Yeh, Ming-Fang Tsai, Yi-Min Liu, Chun-yu Wei, Jen-Ping Su, Wan-Jia Lin, Elin H. F. Wang, Cheng-Shin Yang, Ru-Hui Weng, Yu-Chi Chen, Chun-Ping Chang, Tai-Hsun Wu, Yu-Chang Lin, Sye-Pu Chen, Feng-Jen Hsieh, Yuan-Tsong Chen, Pui-Yan Kwok, Jer-Yuarn Wu & Cathy S. J. Fann
Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
Hung-Hsin Chen
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Ming-Chih Hou
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
Yun-Ching Fu
Children’s Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
Yun-Ching Fu
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
Yun-Ching Fu
Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Chun-houh Chen, Hsin-Chou Yang & Yen-Tsung Huang
Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Hsin-Chou Yang
Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Yen-Tsung Huang
Department of Mathematics, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Yen-Tsung Huang
Core Laboratory of Neoantigen Analysis for Personalized Cancer Vaccine, Office of R&D, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Chun-yu Wei
Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Chi-Lu Chiang
School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Chi-Lu Chiang, Jeng-Kai Jiang, I-Hui Lee, Shih-Yao Lin, Yi-Chen Yeh & Ling-Ming Tseng
Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Jeng-Kai Jiang
Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
I-Hui Lee
Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
I-Hui Lee
Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Kung-Hao Liang
Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Kung-Hao Liang
Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Kung-Hao Liang
Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Wei-Sheng Chen & Hung-Cheng Tsai
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Wei-Sheng Chen & Hung-Cheng Tsai
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Shih-Yao Lin, Fu-Pang Chang, Hsiang-Ling Ho, Yi-Chen Yeh, Wen-Yih Liang & Paul Chih-Hsueh Chen
Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Hsiang-Ling Ho
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Wei-Cheng Tseng
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Wei-Cheng Tseng & Hsiao-Ting Chang
Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Ming-Hwai Lin & Hsiao-Ting Chang
Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Ling-Ming Tseng
Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Ling-Ming Tseng
Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
Yu-Cheng Hsieh, Yi-Ming Chen, Tzu-Hung Hsiao, Ching-Heng Lin, Yen-Ju Chen, I-Chieh Chen, Chien-Lin Mao & Shu-Jung Chang
Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
Yu-Cheng Hsieh, Yi-Ming Chen, Wei-Ju Lee, Hsin Tung & Yi-Jing Sheen
Department of Medical Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Yu-Cheng Hsieh
Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
Yen-Lin Chang & Yi-Ju Liao
Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
Chih-Hung Lai
Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
Wei-Ju Lee & Hsin Tung
Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
Ting-Ting Yen
Division of Pediatric Genetics and Metabolism, Children’s Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
Hsin-Chien Yen
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Ming-Yao Chen
TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Ming-Yao Chen
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
Ming-Yao Chen & Bi-Zhen Kao
Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Ying-Chin Lin
Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Ying-Chin Lin & Chang-Hsien Lin
Department of Occupational Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Ying-Chin Lin
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Yung-Ta Kao & Ju-Chi Liu
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Yung-Ta Kao
Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Yung-Ta Kao & Ju-Chi Liu
Department of Neurology, Wan Fang Hospital and Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Jing-Er Lee
Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Chi-Li Chung
School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Chi-Li Chung
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
Ju-Chi Liu
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Paul Chan
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Chia-Hsin Chen
Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Chia-Hsin Chen
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
I-Chen Wu & Jiunn-Wei Wang
Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
I-Chen Wu
Departments of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Lung-Chang Lin
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Lung-Chang Lin & Chih-Hsing Hung
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Jiunn-Wei Wang
Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Jiunn-Wei Wang & Jaw-Yuan Wang
Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Shen-liang Shih
Center for Medical Education and Humanizing Health Professional Education, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Shen-liang Shih
Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Sun-Wung Hsieh
Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Sun-Wung Hsieh
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Sun-Wung Hsieh
Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Chih-Hsing Hung
Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Chih-Hsing Hung
Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Wei-Ming Li
Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Wei-Ming Li
Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Gangshan Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Wei-Ming Li
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Chih-Jen Yang
School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Chih-Jen Yang
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
Yi-Jing Sheen & Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Yi-Jing Sheen
National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
Shi-Heng Wang
Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
Timothy Raben, Erik Widen & Stephen Hsu
Genomic Prediction, Inc., Hackettstown, NJ, USA
Erik Widen & Stephen Hsu
Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
Feng-Jen Hsieh
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
Dong-Ru Ho
Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Dong-Ru Ho
School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Dong-Ru Ho
Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hopistal, Linkou, Taiwan
Yu-Huei Huang
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Yu-Huei Huang
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Chung-Han Yang, Yen-Fu Chen & Ping-Han Tsai
Department of Psychiatry and Sleep center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Yu-Shu Huang
College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Yu-Shu Huang
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Hsien-Ming Wu & Kuan-Gen Huang
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
Ping-Han Tsai
Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Chih-Yen Chien
Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Chih-Yen Chien
Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Yi-Lwun Ho, Ming-Shiang Wu, Jia-Horng Kao, Yen-Bin Liu, Mao-Hsin Lin & Yen-Hung Lin
Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Yi-Lwun Ho, Ming-Shiang Wu, Yen-Bin Liu, Jyh-Ming Jimmy Juang, Mao-Hsin Lin, Yen-Hung Lin & Jyh-Ming Liou
Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Jia-Horng Kao
Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Jia-Horng Kao
Cardiovascular Center and Heart Failure Center, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Jyh-Ming Jimmy Juang
Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Yen-Hung Lin
Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
Ji-Yuh Lee
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
Hsueh-Ju Lu
School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
Hsueh-Ju Lu
Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
Chieh-Hua Lu, Jhih-Syuan Liu & Nain-Feng Chu
General Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
An-Chieh Feng
Department of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
Chien-Ping Chiang
Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
Chien-Ping Chiang
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
Jung-Chun Lin
Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
Yi-Wei Yeh
Urology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
En Meng
Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
Chih-Yang Huang
Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
Chih-Yang Huang
Center of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
Chi-Cheng Li
School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
Chi-Cheng Li & Kuei-Ying Su
Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
Chi-Cheng Li & Tso-Fu Wang
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
Tso-Fu Wang
Buddhist Tzu Chi Stem Cells Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
Tso-Fu Wang
Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
Kuei-Ying Su
Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
Jia-Kang Wang
Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Jia-Kang Wang & Mei-Hsiu Chen
Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Jia-Kang Wang
Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
Mei-Hsiu Chen
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Mei-Hsiu Chen
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Hua-Fen Chen
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
Hua-Fen Chen & Fu-Tien Chiang
Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
Hua-Fen Chen
Department of Genomic Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
Gwo-Chin Ma & Ting-Yu Chang
Department of Cardiology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
Fu-Tien Chiang
Precision Medicine Center, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
Hsing-Jung Chang
Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
Hsing-Jung Chang
Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
Kuo-Jang Kao & Chen-Fang Hung
Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Ching-Yao Tsai
Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Ching-Yao Tsai
Department of Health and Welfare, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
Ching-Yao Tsai
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
Po-Yueh Chen
Clinical Trial Center, Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
Po-Yueh Chen
Fu-Jen Catholic University School of Medicine, New Taipei City, Taiwan
Kochung Tsui
Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Kochung Tsui
Department of Clinical Pathology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Kochung Tsui
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Pui-Yan Kwok
Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Pui-Yan Kwok
Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Pui-Yan Kwok
Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
Shun-Fa Yang
Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
Shun-Fa Yang
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Jyh-Ming Liou
Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
Jyh-Ming Liou
Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Jaw-Yuan Wang
Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Jeng-Fong Chiou
Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Jeng-Fong Chiou
Supervision: P.-Y.K., W.H.-H.S., S.-F.Y., J.-M.L., J.-Y. Wang, J.-F.C., J.-Y. Wu, C.S.-J.F., M.-C.H., Y.-C.F. and Chun-Houh Chen. Formal analysis: H.-H.C., C.-Y. Chou, J.-P.S., W.-J.L., F.-J.H., E.H.F.W., E.-C.Y., S.-H.W. and S.-P.C. Resources: P.-Y.K., C.-L. Chiang, J.-K.J., I.-H.L., K.-H.L., W.-S.C., H.-C.T., S.-Y.L., F.-P.C., H.-L.H., Y.-C.Y., W.-C.T., Ming-Hwai Lin, H.-T.C., L.-M.T., W.-Y.L., P.C.-H.C., Y.-C.H., Y.-M.C., T.-H.H., Ching-Heng Lin, Y.-J.C., I.-C.C., C.-L.M., S.-J.C., Y.-L.C., Y.-J.L., C.-H. Lai, W.-J.L., H.T., T.-T.Y., H.-C. Yen, M.-Y.C., Ying-Chin Lin, Y.-T.K., B.-Z.K., J.-E.L., C.-L. Chung, J.-C.L., P.C., Chang-Hsien Lin, Chia-Hsin Chen, I.-C.W., L.-C.L., J.-W.W., S.-l.S., S.-W.H., C.-H.H., W.-M.L., C.-J.Y., Y.-T.C., D.-R.H., Y.-H.H., C.-H.Y., Y.-S.H., Y.-F.C., H.-M.W., P.-H.T., K.-G.H., C.-Y. Chien, Y.-L.H., M.-S.W., J.-H.K., Y.-B.L., J.-M.J.J., Mao-Hsin Lin, Y.-H.L., J.-Y.L., H.-J.L., A.-C.F., J.-S.L., C.-P. Chiang, N.-F.C., Y.-W.Y., E.M., C.-Y.H., C.-C.L., T.-F.W., K.-Y.S., J.-K.W., M.-H.C., H.-F.C., G.-C.M., T.-Y.C., F.-T.C., H.-J.C., K.-J.K., C.-F.H., C.-Y.T., P.-Y.C., K.T. and Y.-J.S. Validation (TWB): H.-H.C., C.-Y. Chou, J.-P.S., W.-J.L., F.-J.H., E.H.F.W., E.-C.Y. and J.-Y. Wu. Validation (UKB and All of Us): T.R., E.W. and S.H. Data curation: M.-F.T., T.-H.W. and Yu-Chang Lin. Writing—original draft: H.-H.C., C.S.-J.F., L.-H.L., C.-Y. Chou, J.-P.S., W.-J.L., E.H.F.W. and E.-C.Y. Writing—review and editing: P.-Y.K., E.-C.Y., M.-F.T., Chun-Houh Chen, H.-C. Yang, Y.-T.H., Chien-Hsiun Chen, C.-y.W., H.-H.C., C.S.-J.F. and L.-H.L. Investigation: L.-H.L., R.-H.W., Y.-C.C. and C.-P. Chang. Project administration: Y.-M.L. and C.-S.Y. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.