Takemura, S.-Y. et al. A connectome of the male Drosophila ventral nerve cord. eLife 13, https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.97769.1 (2024).
Dorkenwald, S. et al. Neuronal wiring diagram of an adult brain. Nature 634, 124–138 (2024).
Schlegel, P. et al. Whole-brain annotation and multi-connectome cell typing of Drosophila. Nature 634, 139–152 (2024).
Azevedo, A. et al. Connectomic reconstruction of a female Drosophila ventral nerve cord. Nature 631, 360–368 (2024).
Namiki, S., Dickinson, M. H., Wong, A. M., Korff, W. & Card, G. M. The functional organization of descending sensory-motor pathways in Drosophila. eLife 7, e34272 (2018).
McKellar, C. E. et al. Threshold-based ordering of sequential actions during Drosophila courtship. Curr. Biol. 29, 426–434 (2019).
Lillvis, J. L. et al. Nested neural circuits generate distinct acoustic signals during Drosophila courtship. Curr. Biol. 34, 808–824 (2024).
Wang, F., Wang, K., Forknall, N., Parekh, R. & Dickson, B. J. Circuit and behavioral mechanisms of sexual rejection by Drosophila females. Curr. Biol. 30, 3749–3760 (2020).
Strausfeld, N. J., Seyan, H. S. & Milde, J. J. The neck motor system of the fly Calliphora erythrocephala. J. Comp. Physiol. 160, 205–224 (1987).
Court, R. et al. Virtual Fly Brain—an interactive atlas of the nervous system. Front. Physiol. 14, 1076533 (2023).
Simpson, J. H. Descending control of motor sequences in Drosophila. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 84, 102822 (2024).
Hampel, S., Franconville, R., Simpson, J. H. & Seeds, A. M. A neural command circuit for grooming movement control. eLife 4, e08758 (2015).
Guo, L., Zhang, N. & Simpson, J. H. Descending neurons coordinate anterior grooming behavior in Drosophila. Curr. Biol. 32, 823–833 (2022).
Rayshubskiy, A. et al. Neural circuit mechanisms for steering control in walking Drosophila. eLife 13, https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.102230.1 (2024).
Bidaye, S. S., Machacek, C., Wu, Y. & Dickson, B. J. Neuronal control of Drosophila walking direction. Science 344, 97–101 (2014).
Lima, S. Q. & Miesenböck, G. Remote control of behavior through genetically targeted photostimulation of neurons. Cell 121, 141–152 (2005).
Ache, J. M., Namiki, S., Lee, A., Branson, K. & Card, G. M. State-dependent decoupling of sensory and motor circuits underlies behavioral flexibility in Drosophila. Nat. Neurosci. 22, 1132–1139 (2019).
Suver, M. P., Huda, A., Iwasaki, N., Safarik, S. & Dickinson, M. H. An array of descending visual interneurons encoding self-motion in Drosophila. J. Neurosci. 36, 11768–11780 (2016).
Cande, J. et al. Optogenetic dissection of descending behavioral control in Drosophila. eLife 7, e34275 (2018).
Aymanns, F., Chen, C.-L. & Ramdya, P. Descending neuron population dynamics during odor-evoked and spontaneous limb-dependent behaviors. eLife 11, e81527 (2022).
Chen, C.-L. et al. Ascending neurons convey behavioral state to integrative sensory and action selection brain regions. Nat. Neurosci. 26, 682–695 (2023).
Cheong, H. S. J. et al. Transforming descending input into behavior: the organization of premotor circuits in the Drosophila male adult nerve cord connectome. eLife 13, https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.96084.1 (2024).
Marin, E. C. et al. Systematic annotation of a complete adult male Drosophila nerve cord connectome reveals principles of functional organisation. eLife 13, https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.97766.1 (2024).
Pavlou, H. J. & Goodwin, S. F. Courtship behavior in Drosophila melanogaster: towards a ‘courtship connectome’. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 23, 76–83 (2013).
Auer, T. O. & Benton, R. Sexual circuitry in Drosophila. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 38, 18–26 (2016).
Wang, F. et al. Neural circuitry linking mating and egg laying in Drosophila females. Nature 579, 101–105 (2020).
Wang, K. et al. Neural circuit mechanisms of sexual receptivity in Drosophila females. Nature 589, 577–581 (2021).
Hoopfer, E. D., Jung, Y., Inagaki, H. K., Rubin, G. M. & Anderson, D. J. P1 interneurons promote a persistent internal state that enhances inter-male aggression in Drosophila. eLife 4, e11346 (2015).
von Philipsborn, A. C. et al. Neuronal control of Drosophila courtship song. Neuron 69, 509–522 (2011).
Shiozaki, H. M. et al. Combinatorial circuit dynamics orchestrate flexible motor patterns in Drosophila. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.12.14.520499 (2023).
Zheng, Z. et al. A complete electron microscopy volume of the brain of adult Drosophila melanogaster. Cell 174, 730–743 (2018).
Phelps, J. S. et al. Reconstruction of motor control circuits in adult Drosophila using automated transmission electron microscopy. Cell 184, 759–774 (2021).
Meissner, G. W. et al. A searchable image resource of GAL4 driver expression patterns with single neuron resolution. eLife 12, e80660 (2023).
Zung, J. L. et al. An updated catalogue of split-GAL4 driver lines for descending neurons in Drosophila melanogaster. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.22.639679 (2025).
Braun, J., Hurtak, F., Wang-Chen, S. & Ramdya, P. Descending networks transform command signals into population motor control. Nature 630, 686–694 (2024).
Ito, K. et al. A systematic nomenclature for the insect brain. Neuron 81, 755–765 (2014).
Eichler, K. et al. Somatotopic organization among parallel sensory pathways that promote a grooming sequence in Drosophila. eLife 12, https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.87602.2 (2024).
Patella, P. & Wilson, R. I. Functional maps of mechanosensory features in the Drosophila brain. Curr. Biol. 28, 1189–1203 (2018).
Pacheco, D. A., Thiberge, S. Y., Pnevmatikakis, E. & Murthy, M. Auditory activity is diverse and widespread throughout the central brain of Drosophila. Nat. Neurosci. 24, 93–104 (2021).
Schlegel, P. et al. Information flow, cell types and stereotypy in a full olfactory connectome. eLife 10, e66018 (2021).
Marin, E. C. et al. Connectomics analysis reveals first-, second-, and third-order thermosensory and hygrosensory neurons in the adult Drosophila brain. Curr. Biol. 30, 3167–3182 (2020).
Namiki, S. & Kanzaki, R. Comparative neuroanatomy of the lateral accessory lobe in the insect brain. Front. Physiol. 7, 244 (2016).
Yang, H. H. et al. Fine-grained descending control of steering in walking Drosophila. Cell 187, 6290–6308 (2024).
Eckstein, N. et al. Neurotransmitter classification from electron microscopy images at synaptic sites in Drosophila melanogaster. Cell 187, 2574–2594 (2024).
Winding, M. et al. The connectome of an insect brain. Science 379, eadd9330 (2023).
Kauer, I., Borst, A. & Haag, J. Complementary motion tuning in frontal nerve motor neurons of the blowfly. J. Comp. Physiol. 201, 411–426 (2015).
Kee, T., Sanda, P., Gupta, N., Stopfer, M. & Bazhenov, M. Feed-forward versus feedback inhibition in a basic olfactory circuit. PLoS Comput. Biol. 11, e1004531 (2015).
Luo, L. Architectures of neuronal circuits. Science 373, eabg7285 (2021).
Seeds, A. M. et al. A suppression hierarchy among competing motor programs drives sequential grooming in Drosophila. eLife 3, e02951 (2014).
Lesser, E. et al. Synaptic architecture of leg and wing premotor control networks in Drosophila. Nature 631, 369–377 (2024).
Yu, J. Y., Kanai, M. I., Demir, E., Jefferis, G. S. X. E. & Dickson, B. J. Cellular organization of the neural circuit that drives Drosophila courtship behavior. Curr. Biol. 20, 1602–1614 (2010).
Cachero, S., Ostrovsky, A. D., Yu, J. Y., Dickson, B. J. & Jefferis, G. S. X. E. Sexual dimorphism in the fly brain. Curr. Biol. 20, 1589–1601 (2010).
Possidente, D. R. & Murphey, R. K. Genetic control of sexually dimorphic axon morphology in Drosophila sensory neurons. Dev. Biol. 132, 448–457 (1989).
Clowney, J. E., Iguchi, S., Bussell, J. J., Scheer, E. & Ruta, V. Multimodal chemosensory circuits controlling male courtship in Drosophila. Neuron 87, 1036–1049 (2015).
Shirangi, T. R., Wong, A. M., Truman, J. W. & Stern, D. L. Doublesex regulates the connectivity of a neural circuit controlling Drosophila male courtship song. Dev. Cell 37, 533–544 (2016).
Mezzera, C. et al. Ovipositor extrusion promotes the transition from courtship to copulation and signals female acceptance in Drosophila melanogaster. Curr. Biol. 33, 5034 (2023).
Robinett, C. C., Vaughan, A. G., Knapp, J.-M. & Baker, B. S. Sex and the single cell. II. There is a time and place for sex. PLoS Biol. 8, e1000365 (2010).
Kimura, K.-I., Sato, C., Koganezawa, M. & Yamamoto, D. Drosophila ovipositor extension in mating behavior and egg deposition involves distinct sets of brain interneurons. PLoS One 10, e0126445 (2015).
Connolly, K. & Cook, R. Rejection responses by female Drosophila melanogaster: their ontogeny, causality and effects upon the behaviour of the courting male. Behaviour 44, 142–166 (1973).
Coleman, R. T. et al. A modular circuit coordinates the diversification of courtship strategies. Nature 635, 142–150 (2024).
Mann, K., Gordon, M. D. & Scott, K. A pair of interneurons influences the choice between feeding and locomotion in Drosophila. Neuron 79, 754–765 (2013).
Tsubouchi, A. et al. Topological and modality-specific representation of somatosensory information in the fly brain. Science 358, 615–623 (2017).
Fujiwara, T., Brotas, M. & Chiappe, M. E. Walking strides direct rapid and flexible recruitment of visual circuits for course control in Drosophila. Neuron 110, 2124–2138 (2022).
Poulet, J. F. A. & Hedwig, B. The cellular basis of a corollary discharge. Science 311, 518–522 (2006).
Cheong, H. S. J. et al. Organization of an ascending circuit that conveys flight motor state in Drosophila. Curr. Biol. 34, 1059–1075 (2024).
Lee, S.-Y. J., Dallmann, C. J., Cook, A., Tuthill, J. C. & Agrawal, S. Divergent neural circuits for proprioceptive and exteroceptive sensing of the leg. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.23.590808 (2024).
Sapkal, N. et al. Neural circuit mechanisms underlying context-specific halting in Drosophila. Nature 634, 191–200 (2024).
Dallmann, C. J. et al. Presynaptic inhibition selectively suppresses leg proprioception in behaving Drosophila. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.20.563322 (2024).
Lappalainen, J. K. et al. Connectome-constrained networks predict neural activity across the fly visual system. Nature 634, 1132–1140 (2024).
Valdes-Aleman, J. et al. Comparative connectomics reveals how partner identity, location, and activity specify synaptic connectivity in Drosophila. Neuron 109, 105–122 (2021).
Gerhard, S., Andrade, I., Fetter, R. D., Cardona, A. & Schneider-Mizell, C. M. Conserved neural circuit structure across larval development revealed by comparative connectomics. eLife 6, e29089 (2017).
Nern, A. et al. Connectome-driven neural inventory of a complete visual system. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08746-0 (2025).
Arendt, D. & Nübler-Jung, K. Comparison of early nerve cord development in insects and vertebrates. Development 126, 2309–2325 (1999).
Costa, M., Manton, J. D., Ostrovsky, A. D., Prohaska, S. & Jefferis, G. S. X. E. NBLAST: rapid, sensitive comparison of neuronal structure and construction of neuron family databases. Neuron 91, 293–311 (2016).
Tirian, L. & Dickson, B. J. The VT GAL4, LexA, and split-GAL4 driver line collections for targeted expression in the Drosophila nervous system. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/198648 (2017).
Jenett, A. et al. A GAL4-driver line resource for Drosophila neurobiology. Cell Rep. 2, 991–1001 (2012).
Meissner, G. W. et al. A split-GAL4 driver line resource for Drosophila CNS cell types. eLife 13,https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.98405 (2024).
Clements, J. et al. NeuronBridge: an intuitive web application for neuronal morphology search across large data sets. BMC Bioinformatics 25, 114 (2024).
Court, R. et al. A systematic nomenclature for the Drosophila ventral nerve cord. Neuron 107, 1071–1079 (2020).
Buhmann, J. et al. Automatic detection of synaptic partners in a whole-brain Drosophila electron microscopy data set. Nat. Methods 18, 771–774 (2021).
Heinrich, L., Funke, J., Pape, C., Nunez-Iglesias, J. & Saalfeld, S. Synaptic cleft segmentation in non-isotropic volume electron microscopy of the complete Drosophila brain. In Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention—MICCAI 2018 (eds Frangi, A. et al.) 317–325 (Springer, 2018).
Scheffer, L. K. et al. A connectome and analysis of the adult Drosophila central brain. eLife 9, e57443 (2020).
Maitin-Shepard, J. et al. google/neuroglancer:github.com/google/neuroglancer. Github https://github.com/google/neuroglancer (2021).
Bates, A. S. et al. The natverse, a versatile toolbox for combining and analysing neuroanatomical data. eLife 9, e53350 (2020).